The NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555) enhances cybersecurity across the European Union by establishing comprehensive measures for network and information systems security. It builds upon the original NIS Directive, broadening its scope and imposing stricter obligations on member states and relevant entities. Here are the key types of mandates under NIS2:

1. Scope of Application

• Essential Services: The directive applies to a wider range of sectors, including energy, transport, health, and digital infrastructure, requiring them to ensure a high level of security.
• Digital Service Providers (DSPs): Online marketplaces, search engines, and cloud computing services are also included.

2. Risk Management and Security Measures

• Organizations must implement risk management practices that include:
  • Identifying risks to network and information systems.
  • Implementing appropriate technical and organizational measures to manage risks, including incident prevention and mitigation strategies.

3. Incident Reporting Obligations

• Entities must notify national authorities of significant incidents within a specified timeframe (usually 24 hours for immediate incidents and up to 72 hours for less critical incidents).
• They must provide detailed information about the incident, its impact, and measures taken in response.

4. National Cybersecurity Strategies

• Each EU member state must establish a national cybersecurity strategy that outlines objectives and actions to improve the overall level of cybersecurity.

5. Cooperation and Information Sharing

• The directive promotes cooperation between member states and relevant authorities, facilitating information sharing about threats and vulnerabilities.
• Creation of European Cybersecurity Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) to enhance response and coordination efforts.

6. Supply Chain Security

• Organizations are mandated to ensure the security of their supply chains and service providers, addressing risks that arise from dependencies on third parties.

7. Enforcement and Penalties

• Member states are required to establish effective supervisory authorities to monitor compliance and enforce the provisions of the directive.
• Penalties for non-compliance can include fines and other enforcement actions.

8. Cross-border Cooperation

• The directive emphasizes cross-border cooperation in cybersecurity incidents, allowing for coordinated responses and sharing of resources among member states.

9. Cybersecurity Certification

• Encourages the development of cybersecurity certification schemes to enhance trust in digital services and products.

10. Awareness and Training

• Mandates regular training and awareness programs for staff and management to ensure that cybersecurity practices are integrated into the organizational culture.

These mandates aim to improve the overall cybersecurity resilience of the EU by addressing the evolving landscape of threats and enhancing collaboration between sectors and member states.