Innovation Category- The innovation matrix is an innovation framework that separates types of innovation into four categories: disruptive innovation, incremental innovation, architectural innovation, and radical innovation. These categories can apply to product innovation, marketing innovation, technological innovation, or process innovation. The four types of innovation are:
Radical innovation: Radical innovation is a major technological breakthrough that displaces an established technology and creates a new market. It is often associated with high risk and high reward. Ultimately, there are five categories of innovation: Product, Process, Services, Business Model and Management.
Disruptive innovation: Disruptive innovations create a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market leading firms, products, and alliances.
Incremental innovation: Incremental innovation is a minor improvement to an existing product or service. It is often used to improve existing products and services, rather than to create new ones.
Architectural innovation: Architectural innovation involves applying existing technology or methodology to a new market. It can be a low-risk innovation strategy because it relies on aspects of your business that have already proven successful.
What is Required Innovation Category
![](https://demingworld.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Innovation-Category-1.png)
The term “Required Innovation Category” doesn’t have a universally accepted definition. However, based on the context of innovation frameworks, it likely refers to a specific type of innovation that is essential for a company or industry to survive and thrive.
Here’s how it might be interpreted:
- Innovation necessitated by external pressures: This could include innovations driven by:
- Changing customer needs and preferences: Companies must innovate to keep up with evolving consumer demands and expectations.
- Increased competition: To maintain a competitive edge, companies need to find new ways to differentiate themselves and offer unique value propositions.
- New technologies and disruptive forces: Rapid technological advancements can quickly obsolete existing products and services, forcing companies to innovate to stay relevant.
- Regulatory changes: New regulations may require companies to adopt new technologies, processes, or business models to comply.
- Environmental and social concerns: Growing awareness of environmental and social issues is driving demand for sustainable and ethical innovations.
- Innovation crucial for long-term growth:
- Exploring new markets and customer segments: Expanding into new markets or targeting new customer groups often requires innovative approaches.
- Developing new revenue streams: Diversifying revenue streams through innovative products, services, or business models can enhance long-term sustainability.
- Improving operational efficiency and reducing costs: Innovations in processes, technologies, and supply chains can lead to significant cost savings and improved profitability.
Essentially, “Required Innovation Category” emphasizes the critical nature of innovation for a company’s success. It highlights the need for companies to proactively identify and address the external and internal pressures that necessitate innovation and to prioritize those innovations that are essential for their long-term viability and growth.
Note: The specific “Required Innovation Category” will vary significantly depending on the industry, the company’s specific circumstances, and the competitive landscape.
Who is Required Innovation Category
Courtesy: Business School 101
The term “Required Innovation Category” doesn’t refer to a specific individual or entity.
Instead, it describes a type of innovation that is essential for a company or industry to survive and thrive.
Here’s a breakdown:
- Focus: It emphasizes innovations that are driven by external pressures like:
- Changing customer needs
- Increased competition
- New technologies
- Regulations
- Environmental concerns
- Importance: It highlights innovations that are crucial for long-term growth, such as:
- Exploring new markets
- Developing new revenue streams
- Improving operational efficiency
Essentially, it’s about identifying and prioritizing the innovations that are non-negotiable for a company’s success in a dynamic and evolving environment.
When is Required Innovation Category
The “Required Innovation Category” doesn’t have a specific point in time when it occurs. Instead, it’s a continuous and ongoing need for companies to identify and pursue innovations that are essential for their survival and growth.
Here’s a breakdown:
- Constant Evolution: The business environment is constantly changing. New technologies emerge, customer preferences shift, and competition intensifies. This creates a continuous need for companies to adapt and innovate.
- Proactive vs. Reactive: Companies that proactively identify and address “Required Innovation Categories” are better positioned to thrive. Waiting for external pressures to force innovation can put a company at a significant disadvantage.
- Ongoing Assessment: Identifying “Required Innovation Categories” requires ongoing assessment of the internal and external environment. This includes market research, competitive analysis, technological monitoring, and an understanding of emerging trends.
Essentially, the “Required Innovation Category” is a dynamic concept that requires constant attention and adaptation. It’s not a one-time event, but rather an ongoing process of identifying and pursuing critical innovations to ensure long-term success.
Where is Required Innovation Category
“Innovation Category” doesn’t refer to a specific physical location.
- Conceptual Framework: It’s a conceptual framework used to categorize different types of innovation.
- Application: It’s applied within a company’s innovation strategy and decision-making processes.
Essentially, it’s a mental construct used to guide innovation efforts, rather than a physical place.
Here are some of the common innovation categories:
- Disruptive Innovation: Creates a new market and eventually disrupts an existing market.
- Incremental Innovation: Minor improvements to existing products or services.
- Architectural Innovation: Applying existing technology to a new market.
- Radical Innovation: A major technological breakthrough that displaces an established technology.
- Product Innovation: Introducing new products or significantly improving existing ones.
- Process Innovation: Improving the way products are designed, manufactured, or delivered.
- Service Innovation: Introducing new services or significantly improving existing ones.
- Business Model Innovation: Creating new ways to generate revenue or deliver value to customers.
- Management Innovation: Introducing new management methods or organizational structures.
These categories help companies understand the different types of innovation they can pursue and prioritize those that are most likely to drive success.
How is Required Innovation Category
Courtesy: Rare
The “Required Innovation Category” is determined by several factors:
- External Pressures:
- Changing Customer Needs: Evolving preferences, demographics, and behaviors necessitate innovations that better address customer expectations.
- Increased Competition: Staying ahead of competitors requires continuous innovation in products, services, and business models.
- Technological Advancements: New technologies can disrupt existing markets, forcing companies to innovate to remain competitive.
- Regulatory Changes: New regulations may require companies to adopt new technologies, processes, or business models to comply.
- Environmental and Social Concerns: Growing awareness of sustainability and social responsibility drives demand for eco-friendly and ethical innovations.
- Internal Factors:
- Company Goals and Objectives: The company’s strategic goals and objectives will dictate the types of innovation that are most critical for achieving success.
- Resource Availability: The company’s available resources (financial, human, technological) will influence the types of innovation it can realistically pursue.
- Company Culture: A culture that encourages innovation and risk-taking is essential for identifying and pursuing “Required Innovation Categories.”
- Industry Trends:
- Industry-specific challenges and opportunities: The specific challenges and opportunities within a particular industry will shape the “Required Innovation Categories” for companies operating in that sector.
- Emerging technologies and trends: Staying abreast of emerging technologies and trends within the industry is crucial for identifying potential “Required Innovation Categories.”
Essentially, “Required Innovation Category” is determined through a combination of external and internal factors. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the business environment, the competitive landscape, and the company’s specific needs and capabilities.
Case Study on Innovation Category
Tesla and the Electric Vehicle Revolution
Innovation Category:
- Disruptive Innovation: Tesla’s entry into the automotive market disrupted the traditional gasoline-powered car industry.
- Radical Innovation: Tesla’s advancements in battery technology, electric motors, and autonomous driving systems represent significant technological breakthroughs.
- Product Innovation: Tesla introduced a range of innovative electric vehicles, including sedans, SUVs, and trucks.
- Business Model Innovation: Tesla pioneered a direct-to-consumer sales model, bypassing traditional dealerships, and established a network of Supercharger stations for convenient long-distance travel.
Key Factors:
- External Pressures:
- Environmental Concerns: Growing concerns about climate change and air pollution created a demand for more sustainable transportation options.
- Government Regulations: Increasingly stringent emissions regulations pushed automakers towards developing more fuel-efficient vehicles.
- Technological Advancements: Advances in battery technology made electric vehicles more viable and practical for everyday use.
- Internal Factors:
- Visionary Leadership: Elon Musk’s vision and leadership played a crucial role in driving Tesla’s innovation.
- Focus on Technology: Tesla invested heavily in research and development, pushing the boundaries of electric vehicle technology.
- Direct-to-Consumer Sales Model: This innovative model allowed Tesla to control the customer experience and build a strong brand loyalty.
Impact:
- Disrupted the Automotive Industry: Tesla’s success has forced established automakers to invest heavily in electric vehicle development.
- Accelerated the Adoption of Electric Vehicles: Tesla has significantly increased consumer awareness and acceptance of electric vehicles.
- Pioneered New Technologies: Tesla’s advancements in battery technology, autonomous driving, and over-the-air software updates are shaping the future of the automotive industry.
Key Takeaways:
- Disruptive innovation can create new markets and challenge established players in existing industries.
- Radical innovation requires significant investment in research and development, as well as a willingness to take risks.
- Understanding external pressures and internal capabilities is crucial for identifying and pursuing “Required Innovation Categories.”
Note: This is a simplified case study. Tesla’s journey has been complex and multifaceted, involving numerous challenges and successes.
This case study demonstrates how Tesla’s innovations, driven by a combination of disruptive, radical, product, and business model approaches, have significantly impacted the automotive industry and are shaping the future of transportation.
White paper on Innovation Category
Navigating the Innovation Landscape: Understanding “Required Innovation Categories”
1. Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving business environment, innovation is no longer a luxury, but a necessity for survival and growth. This white paper explores the concept of “Required Innovation Categories,” emphasizing the critical need to identify and prioritize innovations that are essential for a company’s long-term success.
2. Defining “Required Innovation Categories”
“Required Innovation Categories” refer to specific types of innovation that are not merely desirable, but essential for a company to:
- Survive and Thrive: Address external pressures such as changing customer needs, increased competition, technological advancements, and regulatory shifts.
- Maintain a Competitive Edge: Differentiate from competitors and establish a unique market position.
- Achieve Long-Term Growth: Explore new markets, develop new revenue streams, and improve operational efficiency.
3. Identifying “Required Innovation Categories”
Identifying “Required Innovation Categories” requires a multi-faceted approach:
- External Analysis:
- Market Research: Analyze customer needs, preferences, and behaviors. Identify emerging trends and market segments.
- Competitive Analysis: Evaluate competitor strategies, strengths, and weaknesses. Identify areas where innovation can provide a competitive advantage.
- Technological Monitoring: Track advancements in relevant technologies and assess their potential impact on the industry.
- Regulatory Landscape: Monitor and analyze relevant regulations and their potential impact on the business.
- Environmental and Social Factors: Consider the impact of environmental and social factors on the business and identify opportunities for sustainable and ethical innovation.
- Internal Analysis:
- Company Goals and Objectives: Align innovation efforts with the company’s strategic goals and objectives.
- Resource Availability: Assess available resources (financial, human, technological) to prioritize feasible innovation projects.
- Company Culture: Foster a culture that encourages innovation, risk-taking, and experimentation.
- Internal Strengths and Weaknesses: Identify internal strengths and weaknesses that can be leveraged or addressed through innovation.
4. Key Types of “Required Innovation Categories”
- Customer-Centric Innovation: Focuses on addressing evolving customer needs and preferences, such as personalized experiences, improved customer service, and innovative solutions to customer pain points.
- Technology-Driven Innovation: Leverages new technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and the Internet of Things to create new products, services, and business models.
- Sustainability Innovation: Focuses on developing environmentally friendly and socially responsible products, services, and operations.
- Operational Efficiency Innovation: Aims to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance productivity through process improvements, automation, and lean methodologies.
- Business Model Innovation: Explores new ways to generate revenue, deliver value to customers, and create new business models.
5. Implementing “Required Innovation Categories”
- Develop an Innovation Strategy: Establish clear goals, objectives, and metrics for innovation.
- Allocate Resources: Allocate appropriate resources (budget, personnel, time) to support innovation initiatives.
- Foster a Culture of Innovation: Encourage experimentation, risk-taking, and cross-functional collaboration.
- Develop Innovation Capabilities: Invest in employee training, skill development, and access to relevant tools and technologies.
- Monitor and Evaluate: Continuously monitor and evaluate the progress of innovation initiatives and make adjustments as needed.
6. Conclusion
Identifying and prioritizing “Required Innovation Categories” is crucial for businesses to thrive in today’s dynamic and competitive environment. By proactively addressing external pressures, leveraging internal strengths, and cultivating a culture of innovation, companies can position themselves for long-term success.
Disclaimer: This white paper provides general information and should not be considered professional advice.
Note: This is a sample framework. You can customize it further by:
- Adding specific examples relevant to your industry or target audience.
- Including more detailed information on specific innovation methodologies (e.g., Design Thinking, Agile Development).
- Adding a section on the challenges and risks associated with implementing innovation initiatives.
This white paper provides a starting point for understanding and addressing the critical need for “Required Innovation Categories” in today’s business world.
Industrial Application of Innovation Category
Courtesy: DWIVEDI GUIDANCE
Here are some key industrial applications of different innovation categories:
1. Manufacturing:
- Incremental Innovation:
- Lean Manufacturing: Continuous improvements in production processes, such as optimizing workflow, reducing waste, and improving equipment efficiency.
- Just-In-Time (JIT) Inventory: Minimizing inventory levels to reduce costs and improve cash flow.
- Radical Innovation:
- 3D Printing: Revolutionizing manufacturing processes by enabling on-demand production of complex parts.
- Robotics and Automation: Automating repetitive tasks, improving productivity, and enhancing safety.
- Architectural Innovation:
- Applying robotics technology used in automotive manufacturing to the aerospace industry.
- Utilizing lean manufacturing principles developed in automotive to improve efficiency in the food processing industry.
2. Energy:
- Disruptive Innovation:
- Renewable Energy Sources: Solar, wind, and geothermal energy are disrupting the traditional fossil fuel industry.
- Energy Storage Technologies: Battery technology is crucial for the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources.
- Incremental Innovation:
- Improving the efficiency of existing power plants.
- Developing more efficient fuel cells.
- Architectural Innovation:
- Applying energy-saving technologies developed for residential buildings to commercial and industrial facilities.
3. Healthcare:
- Radical Innovation:
- Gene editing technologies (CRISPR): Revolutionizing disease treatment and prevention.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostics and drug discovery: Improving the accuracy and speed of medical diagnoses and developing new treatments.
- Incremental Innovation:
- Developing new and improved medical devices.
- Improving drug delivery methods.
- Telemedicine and remote patient monitoring.
- Architectural Innovation:
- Applying AI-powered image recognition technology developed for self-driving cars to medical imaging for faster and more accurate diagnoses.
4. Technology:
- Disruptive Innovation:
- The internet and the rise of the digital economy.
- The development of smartphones and mobile computing.
- Incremental Innovation:
- Continuous improvements in computer processing power and memory.
- Software updates and bug fixes.
- Architectural Innovation:
- Applying AI and machine learning algorithms developed for image recognition to other areas, such as fraud detection and natural language processing.
Key Considerations for Industrial Application:
- Identifying “Required Innovation Categories” is crucial for each specific industry and company based on their unique challenges and opportunities.
- A balanced approach is often necessary, combining incremental improvements with more radical and disruptive innovations.
- Creating a culture of innovation within the organization is essential to foster creativity, experimentation, and a willingness to embrace change.
- Investing in research and development is crucial to support innovation efforts.
By understanding and applying the concepts of “Required Innovation Categories,” businesses can effectively navigate the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century and drive sustainable growth and success.
Disclaimer: This is a general overview, and specific applications will vary significantly across different industries and companies.
References
- ^ Schumpeter, Joseph A., 1883–1950 (1983). The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Opie, Redvers,, Elliott, John E. New Brunswick, New Jersey. ISBN 0-87855-698-2. OCLC 8493721.
- ^ “ISO 56000:2020(en)Innovation management — Fundamentals and vocabulary”. ISO. 2020.
- ^ Lijster, Thijs, ed. (2018). The Future of the New: Artistic Innovation in Times of Social Acceleration. Arts in society. Valiz. ISBN 978-94-92095-58-9. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Bhasin, Kim (2 April 2012). “This Is The Difference Between ‘Invention’ And ‘Innovation'”. Business Insider.
- ^ “What’s the Difference Between Invention and Innovation?”, Forbes, 10 September 2015
- ^ Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1939). Business Cycles. Vol. 1. p. 84.
Innovation is possible without anything we should identify as invention, and invention does not necessarily induce innovation.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Edison, H., Ali, N.B., & Torkar, R. (2014). Towards innovation measurement in the software industry. Journal of Systems and Software 86(5), 1390–407.
- ^ Baregheh, Anahita; Rowley, Jennifer; Sambrook, Sally (4 September 2009). “Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation”. Management Decision. 47 (8): 1323–1339. doi:10.1108/00251740910984578. ISSN 0025-1747.
- ^ Rogers, Everett M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-2209-1. OCLC 52030797.
- ^ Innovation in American Government: Challenges, Opportunities, and Dilemmas. Brookings Inst Pr. 1 June 1997. ISBN 978-0-8157-0358-7.
- ^ Hughes, D. J.; Lee, A.; Tian, A. W.; Newman, A.; Legood, A. (2018). “Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations” (PDF). The Leadership Quarterly. 29 (5): 549–569. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001. hdl:10871/32289. S2CID 149671044. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Drucker, Peter F. (August 2002). “The Discipline of Innovation”. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
- ^ Amabile, Teresa M.; Pratt, Michael G. (2016). “The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning”. Research in Organizational Behavior. 36: 157–183. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001. S2CID 44444992.
- ^ Leonard Dudley (2012). Mothers of Innovation: How Expanding Social Networks Gave Birth to the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781443843126.
- ^ Jasanoff, Sheila; Kim, Sang-Hyun (2015). Dreamscapes of Modernity. University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226276663.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-226-27652-6.
- ^ Papaioannou, Theo (3 May 2020). “Innovation, value-neutrality and the question of politics: unmasking the rhetorical and ideological abuse of evolutionary theory”. Journal of Responsible Innovation. 7 (2): 238–255. doi:10.1080/23299460.2019.1605484. ISSN 2329-9460. S2CID 159275720.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Robra, Ben; Pazaitis, Alex; Giotitsas, Chris; Pansera, Mario (1 July 2023). “From creative destruction to convivial innovation – A post-growth perspective”. Technovation. 125: 102760. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102760. hdl:11093/4788. ISSN 0166-4972.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Walsh, Shannon (21 May 2021). “Marx, subsumption and the critique of innovation”. Organization. 30 (2): 345–360. doi:10.1177/13505084211015377. ISSN 1350-5084. S2CID 236375680.
- ^ Lange, Steffen; Pohl, Johanna; Santarius, Tilman (1 October 2020). “Digitalization and energy consumption. Does ICT reduce energy demand?”. Ecological Economics. 176: 106760. Bibcode:2020EcoEc.17606760L. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106760. ISSN 0921-8009. S2CID 224947774.
- ^ Blank, Steve (1 February 2019). “McKinsey’s Three Horizons Model Defined Innovation for Years. Here’s Why It No Longer Applies”. Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ Satell, Greg (21 June 2017). “The 4 Types of Innovation and the Problems They Solve”. Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ Edwards-Schachter, Mónica (2018). “The nature and variety of innovation”. International Journal of Innovation Studies. 2 (2): 65–79. doi:10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.004.
- ^ Bower, Joseph L.; Christensen, Clayton M. (1 January 1995). “Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave”. Harvard Business Review. No. January–February 1995. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ Christensen, Clayton M.; Raynor, Michael E.; McDonald, Rory (1 December 2015). “What Is Disruptive Innovation?”. Harvard Business Review. No. December 2015. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ “Disruptive Innovations”. Christensen Institute. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ Christensen, Clayton & Overdorf, Michael (2000). “Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change”. Harvard Business Review.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Iansiti, Marco; Lakhani, Karim R. (January 2017). “The Truth About Blockchain”. Harvard Business Review. Harvard University. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
a foundational technology: It has the potential to create new foundations for our economic and social systems.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Henderson, Rebecca M.; Clark, Kim B. (March 1990). “Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms”. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35 (1): 9. doi:10.2307/2393549. ISSN 0001-8392. JSTOR 2393549. S2CID 6255046.
- ^ Williams, Michael A.; Cox, Collett; Jaffee, Martin S., eds. (1992). Innovation in Religious Traditions: Essays in the Interpretation of Religious Change. Religion and society (volume 31). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110127805. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ Schiederig, Tim; Tietze, Frank; Herstatt, Cornelius (22 February 2012). “Green innovation in technology and innovation management – an exploratory literature review”. R&D Management. 42 (2): 180–192. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00672.x. ISSN 0033-6807. S2CID 153958119.
- ^ Blok, Vincent; Lemmens, Pieter (2015), “The Emerging Concept of Responsible Innovation. Three Reasons Why It is Questionable and Calls for a Radical Transformation of the Concept of Innovation”, Responsible Innovation 2, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 19–35, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17308-5_2, hdl:2066/150613, ISBN 978-3-319-17307-8
- ^ Jump up to:a b Amabile, Teresa (December 2017). “In Pursuit of Everyday Creativity” (PDF). Journal of Creative Behavior: 2–3 – via Harvard Business School.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Godin, Benoit (2015). Innovation contested: the idea of innovation over the centuries. Routledge. ISBN 9781315855608. OCLC 903958473.
- ^ Politics II as cited by Benoît Godin (2015)
- ^ Mazzaferro, Alexander (2018). “Such a Murmur”: Innovation, Rebellion, and Sovereignty in William Strachey’s “True Reportory”. Early American Literature. 53 (1): 3–32. doi:10.1353/eal.2018.0001. S2CID 166005186.
- ^ Mazzaferro, Alexander McLean (2017). “No newe enterprize” (Doctoral dissertation) (Thesis). Rutgers University. doi:10.7282/T38W3HFQ. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ Lepore, Jill (23 June 2014). “The Disruption Machine: What the gospel of innovation gets wrong”. The New Yorker. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ Green, Emma (20 June 2013). “Innovation: The History of a Buzzword”. The Atlantic. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ “innovation”. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Benoit Godin (2019). The invention of technological innovation: languages, discourses and ideology in historical perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781789903348. OCLC 1125747489.
- ^ Schumpeter, J. A. (1943). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (6 ed.). Routledge. pp. 81–84. ISBN 9780415107624.
- ^ Heyne, P., Boettke, P. J., and Prychitko, D. L. (2010). The Economic Way of Thinking. Prentice Hall, 12th ed. pp. 163, 317–18.
- ^ Swedberg, Richard (30 January 2009), “Rebuilding Schumpeter’s Theory of Entrepreneurship”, Marshall and Schumpeter on Evolution, Edward Elgar Publishing, doi:10.4337/9781848446168.00018, ISBN 978-1-84844-616-8, retrieved 25 December 2023
- ^ Utterback, James (1971). “The Process of Technological Innovation Within the Firm”. Academy of Management Journal. 14 (1): 78. doi:10.2307/254712. JSTOR 254712.
- ^ “Silicon Valley History & Future”. Netvalley.com. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Tohidi, Hamid; Jabbari, Mohammad Mehdi (2012). “The important of Innovation and its Crucial Role in Growth, Survival and Success of Organizations”. Procedia Technology. 1: 535–538. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2012.02.116.
- ^ Salge, T. O.; Vera, A. (2009). “Hospital innovativeness and organizational performance: Evidence from English public acute care”. Health Care Management Review. 34 (1): 54–67. doi:10.1097/01.HMR.0000342978.84307.80. PMID 19104264.
- ^ West, Michael A. (2002). “Sparkling Fountains or Stagnant Ponds: An Integrative Model of Creativity and Innovation Implementation in Work Groups”. Applied Psychology. 51 (3): 355–387. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00951.
- ^ MIT Sloan Management Review Spring 2002. “How to identify and build New Businesses”
- ^ Anthony, Scott D.; Johnson, Mark W.; Sinfield, Joseph V.; Altman, Elizabeth J. (2008). Innovator’s Guide to Growth. “Putting Disruptive Innovation to Work”. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 978-1-59139-846-2.
- ^ Perez, T. and Rushing R. (2007). “The CitiStat Model: How Data-Driven Government Can Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness”. Center for American Progress Report. pp. 1–18.
- ^ Transportation Research Board (2007). “Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 70: Mobile Data Terminals”. pp. 1–5. TCRP (PDF).
- ^ Von Hippel, Eric (1988). The Sources of Innovation (PDF). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ Engelberger, J. F. (1982). “Robotics in practice: Future capabilities”. Electronic Servicing & Technology magazine.
- ^ Kline (1985). Research, Invention, Innovation and Production: Models and Reality, Report INN-1, March 1985, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University.
- ^ Hashim, Ahmed S. (2018). The Caliphate at War: The Ideological, Organisational and Military Innovations of Islamic State. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781849046435.
- ^ Scott Ligon, Gina; Derrick, Douglas C.; Harms, Mackenzie (15 November 2017). “Destruction Through Collaboration: How Terrorists Work Together Toward Malevolent Innovation”. In Reiter-Palmon, Roni (ed.). Team Creativity and Innovation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190695323.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Mark, M., Katz, B., Rahman, S., and Warren, D. (2008) MetroPolicy: Shaping A New Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation. Brookings Institution: Metropolitan Policy Program Report. pp. 4–103.
- ^ Dubickis, M., Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2015). “Perspectives on Innovation and Technology Transfer”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 213: 965–970. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.512.
- ^ “New Trends in Innovation Management”. Forbesindia.com. Forbes India Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “ShipIt Days”. Atlassian. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “U-STIR”. U-stir.eu. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ Tuomi, I. (2002). Networks of Innovation. Oxford University Press. Networks of Innovation Archived 5 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Siltala, R. (2010). Innovativity and cooperative learning in business life and teaching. PhD thesis. University of Turku.
- ^ Forget The 10,000-Hour Rule; Edison, Bezos, & Zuckerberg Follow The 10,000-Experiment Rule. Medium.com (26 October 2017). Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Why These Tech Companies Keep Running Thousands Of Failed Experiments. Fast Company.com (21 September 2016). Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ Simulation Advantage. Bcgperspectives.com (4 August 2010). Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ MacKenzie, Donald (1984). “Marx and the Machine”. Technology and Culture. 25 (3): 473–502. doi:10.2307/3104202. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3104202. S2CID 113106929.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Davila, T., Epstein, M. J., and Shelton, R. (2006). “Making Innovation Work: How to Manage It, Measure It, and Profit from It.” Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Vaona, Andrea; Pianta, Mario (March 2008). “Firm Size and Innovation in European Manufacturing”. Small Business Economics. 30 (3): 283–299. doi:10.1007/s11187-006-9043-9. hdl:10419/3843. ISSN 0921-898X. S2CID 153525567.
- ^ Khan, Arshad M.; Manopichetwattana, V. (1989). “Innovative and Noninnovative Small Firms: Types and Characteristics”. Management Science. 35 (5): 597–606. doi:10.1287/mnsc.35.5.597.
- ^ O’Sullivan, David (2002). “Framework for Managing Development in the Networked Organisations”. Journal of Computers in Industry. 47 (1): 77–88. doi:10.1016/S0166-3615(01)00135-X.
- ^ Giampietro, Mario; Funtowicz, Silvio O. (1 July 2020). “From elite folk science to the policy legend of the circular economy”. Environmental Science & Policy. 109: 64–72. Bibcode:2020ESPol.109…64G. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2020.04.012. hdl:11250/2730163. ISSN 1462-9011.
- ^ Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; Wiedmann, Thomas O. (6 June 2014). “Humanity’s unsustainable environmental footprint”. Science. 344 (6188): 1114–1117. Bibcode:2014Sci…344.1114H. doi:10.1126/science.1248365. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24904155. S2CID 206553617.
- ^ Rockström, Johan; Steffen, Will; Noone, Kevin; Persson, Åsa; Chapin, F. Stuart; Lambin, Eric F.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Scheffer, Marten; Folke, Carl; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Nykvist, Björn; de Wit, Cynthia A.; Hughes, Terry; van der Leeuw, Sander; Rodhe, Henning (September 2009). “A safe operating space for humanity”. Nature. 461 (7263): 472–475. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..472R. doi:10.1038/461472a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 19779433.
- ^ Tarde, G. (1903). The laws of imitation (E. Clews Parsons, Trans.). New York: H. Holt & Co.
- ^ Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovation. New York, NY: Free Press.
- ^ The Oxford handbook of innovation. Fagerberg, Jan., Mowery, David C., Nelson, Richard R. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-926455-1. OCLC 56655392.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Edison, H.; Ali, N.B.; Torkar, R. (2013). “Towards innovation measurement in the software industry”. Journal of Systems and Software. 86 (5): 1390–1407. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2013.01.013 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ Davila, Tony; Marc J. Epstein and Robert Shelton (2006). Making Innovation Work: How to Manage It, Measure It, and Profit from It. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing
- ^ OECD The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities. Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. Oslo Manual. 2nd edition, DSTI, OECD / European Commission Eurostat, Paris 31 December 1995.
- ^ “Industrial innovation – Enterprise and Industry”. European Commission. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ “DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION – European Journal of Natural History (scientific magazine)”. world-science.ru. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ Chalkidou, K.; Tunis, S.; Lopert, R.; Rochaix, L.; Sawicki, P. T.; Nasser, M.; Xerri, B. (2009). “Comparative effectiveness research and evidence-based health policy: Experience from four countries”. The Milbank Quarterly. 87 (2): 339–67. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00560.x. PMC 2881450. PMID 19523121.
- ^ Roughead, E.; Lopert, R.; Sansom, L. (2007). “Prices for innovative pharmaceutical products that provide health gain: a comparison between Australia and the United States”. Value in Health. 10 (6): 514–20. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00206.x. PMID 17970935.
- ^ Hughes, B. (2008). “Payers Growing Influence on R&D Decision Making”. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 7 (11): 876–78. doi:10.1038/nrd2749. PMID 18974741. S2CID 10217053.
- ^ Faunce, T.; Bai, J.; Nguyen, D. (2010). “Impact of the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement on Australian medicines regulation and prices”. Journal of Generic Medicines. 7 (1): 18–29. doi:10.1057/jgm.2009.40. S2CID 154433476. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021.
- ^ Faunce TA (2006). “Global intellectual property protection of ‘innovative’ pharmaceuticals: Challenges for bioethics and health law in B Bennett and G Tomossy” (PDF). Law.anu.edu.au. Globalization and Health Springer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- ^ Faunce, T. A. (2007). “Reference pricing for pharmaceuticals: is the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement affecting Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme?”. Medical Journal of Australia. 187 (4): 240–42. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01209.x. PMID 17564579. S2CID 578533.
- ^ Hernán Jaramillo; Gustavo Lugones; Mónica Salazar (March 2001). “Bogota Manual. Standardisation of Indicators of Technological Innovation in Latin American and Caribbean Countries”. Iberoamerican Network of Science and Technology Indicators (RICYT) Organisation of American States (OAS) / CYTED PROGRAM COLCIENCIAS/OCYT. p. 87.
- ^ “Social Innovation Index 2016”. Economist Impact | Perspectives. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ “The INSEAD Global Innovation Index (GII)”. INSEAD. 28 October 2013.
- ^ “Home page”. Innovation Capacity Index.
- ^ “Tools”. Statsamerica.org. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ Innovations Indikator retrieved 7 March 2017
- ^ “The INSEAD Innovation Efficiency Inndex”. Technology Review. February 2016.
- ^ Adsule, Anil (2015). “INNOVATION LEADING THE WAY TO REVOLUTION” (PDF). International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review. 2, Issue.11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2020 – via Google scholar.
- ^ Kerle, Ralph (2013). “Model for Managing Intangibility of Organizational Creativity: Management Innovation Index”. Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. pp. 1300–1307. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_35. ISBN 978-1-4614-3857-1.
- ^ “Innovation Index”. NYCEDC.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ^ “Home page”. statetechandscience.org.
- ^ “The World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2014” (PDF). IMD.org. 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2014.
- ^ “Germany Breaks Korea’s Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation”. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ “Infografik: Schweiz bleibt globaler Innovationsführer”. Statista Infografiken. Statista (In German). Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Jamrisko, Michelle; Lu, Wei; Tanzi, Alexandre (3 February 2021). “South Korea Leads World in Innovation as U.S. Exits Top Ten”. Bloomberg.
- ^ “GII 2020 Report”. Global Innovation Index. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ innovations indikator 2020 (PDF) (in German). Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, Fraunhofer ISI, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Huebner, J. (2005). “A possible declining trend for worldwide innovation”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 72 (8): 980–986. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2005.01.003.
- ^ Hayden, Thomas (7 July 2005). “Science: Wanna be an inventor? Don’t bother”. U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ Adler, Robert (2 July 2005). “Entering a dark age of innovation”. New Scientist. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ^ Smart, J. (2005). “Discussion of Huebner article”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 72 (8): 988–995. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2005.07.001.
- ^ Huebner, Jonathan (2005). “Response by the Authors”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 72 (8): 995–1000. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2005.05.008.
- ^ Strumsky, D.; Lobo, J.; Tainter, J. A. (2010). “Complexity and the productivity of innovation”. Systems Research and Behavioral Science. 27 (5): 496. doi:10.1002/sres.1057.
- ^ Gordon, Robert J. (2012). “Is U.S. Economic Growth Over? Faltering Innovation Confronts the Six Headwinds”. NBER Working Paper No. 18315. doi:10.3386/w18315.
- ^ “Jonathan Wong, Head of DFID’s Innovation Hub | DFID bloggers”. Government of the United Kingdom. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Grand Challenge Partners Commit to Innovation with New Investments in Breakthrough Science – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation”. Gatesfoundation.org. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “Global Development Lab | U.S. Agency for International Development”. Usaid.gov. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “International Development Innovation Network (IDIN) | D-Lab”. D-lab.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “Global Innovation Fund International development funding”. Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “Human Development Innovation Fund (HDIF)”. Hdif-tz.org. 14 August 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “USAID and DFID Announce Global Development Innovation Ventures to Invest in Breakthrough Solutions to World Poverty | U.S. Agency for International Development”. Usaid.gov. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “StackPath”. industryweek.com. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ “Bay Area Radio Museum: The Charles Herrold Story”. 12 August 2014.
- ^ “U.S. Economic Development Administration: Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Report” (PDF). Eda.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ “The American Way of Innovation and Its Deficiencies”. American Affairs Journal. 20 May 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ “Science and Technology”. MEXT. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ “BMBF ” Ministry”. Bmbf.de. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ “Home”. Landgate.wa.gov.au. Landgate Innovation Program. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Morisson, A. & Doussineau, M. (2019). Regional innovation governance and place-based policies: design, implementation and implications. Regional Studies, Regional Science,6(1),101–116. https://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681376.2019.1578257.
- ^ Rubin, Tzameret H.; Aas, Tor Helge; Stead, Andrew (1 July 2015). “Knowledge flow in Technological Business Incubators: Evidence from Australia and Israel”. Technovation. 41–42: 11–24. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2015.03.002.
- ^ Morisson, Arnault (2018). “Knowledge Gatekeepers and Path Development on the Knowledge Periphery: The Case of Ruta N in Medellin, Colombia”. Area Development and Policy. 4: 98–115. doi:10.1080/23792949.2018.1538702. S2CID 169689111.